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目的了解大连市0~60岁人群乙肝表面抗原抗体分布现状,为有针对性地制定人群乙肝疫苗预防接种规划提供科学依据。方法在大连市所有区市县随机抽取0~60岁人群采集静脉血,应用酶联免疫吸附试验检测乙肝HBs Ag、抗-HBs。数据运用SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果经血清学检测全市被调查的1 224人中,HBs Ag阳性率为1.1%,抗-HBs阳性率为71.3%;从地区分布看,不同地区HBs Ag(χ2=0.825,P>0.05)、抗-HBs阳性率(χ2=4.857,P>0.05)差异均无统计学意义;从性别分布看,男性HBs Ag阳性率为1.2%、女性HBs Ag阳性率为1.0%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.131,P>0.05),男性抗-HBs阳性率为70.9%、女性抗-HBs阳性率为71.7%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.101,P>0.05);从年龄分布看,不同年龄组抗-HBs阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ2=55.623,P<0.01),其中0~4岁组抗-HBs阳性率最高,为90.3%,HBs Ag阳性率为0.9%。儿童注射疫苗产生抗体后,抗-HBs阳性率随时间的增加而逐渐下降,两者之间有负相关关系(rs=-0.717,P<0.05)。结论由于计划免疫的实施,我国儿童HBs Ag携带率逐渐下降,大连市新生儿计划免疫工作较为满意。但是,成人特别是青年人乙型肝炎发病率仍居高不下,提示今后乙肝防制除重点做好新生儿乙肝疫苗接种外,还要兼顾成人乙肝疾病的防控工作,从而降低乙肝发病率。
Objective To understand the status of hepatitis B surface antigen antibody distribution in population from 0 to 60 years old in Dalian and provide a scientific basis for the targeted vaccination planning of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods Venous blood was collected randomly from 0 to 60 years old in all districts and counties of Dalian. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect HBsAg and anti-HBs. Data using SPSS 13.0 for statistical analysis. Results The positive rate of HBs Ag was 1.1% and the positive rate of anti-HBs was 1 .13% among the 1 224 people surveyed by serology. The HBs Ag in different areas (χ2 = 0.825, P> 0.05) The positive rate of anti-HBs (χ2 = 4.857, P> 0.05) showed no significant difference. According to the gender distribution, the positive rate of HBsAg was 1.2% in male and 1.0% in female, the difference was not statistically significant χ2 = 0.131, P> 0.05). The positive rate of anti-HBs in males was 70.9% and that of females was 71.7% (χ2 = 0.101, P> 0.05) The positive rate of anti-HBs in the age group was statistically significant (χ2 = 55.623, P <0.01). The highest positive rate of anti-HBs was 90.3% and the positive rate of HBsAg was 0.9% in 0-4 years old group. After vaccination, the anti-HBs positive rate decreased gradually with the increase of time, there was a negative correlation between the two (rs = -0.717, P <0.05). Conclusion Due to the implementation of planned immunization, the carrying rate of HBs Ag in children in our country gradually decreased, and the immunization work in neonatology in Dalian was satisfactory. However, the incidence of hepatitis B among adults, especially young people, remains high, suggesting that in future, hepatitis B should be controlled in addition to focusing on newborns with hepatitis B vaccination, and prevention and control of hepatitis B in adults should be taken into account. This will reduce the incidence of hepatitis B.