Objective Watermelon frost powder(WFP, Mirabilitum Praeparatum) is a Chinese patent drug commonly used for external application, consisting of dozens of Chinesemateria medica. To determine the contents of the multi-components in WFP. Methods Quantitative analysis of 10 principal constituents and three principal volatile constituents had been taken in this experiment to investigate the quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Borneolum, and menthol in WFP by HPLC and GC. Results Comparing with raw materials, the contents of liquirtin and glycyrrhetinic acid were distinct, and the contents of rhein in WFP and raw Rhei Radix et Rhizoma weredifferent. The possible reasons might lie in the input status of raw materials in the processes of production or others. In GC test, isoborneol, the constituent in Borneolum syntheticum, had been detected out, and should not exist in nature Borneolum. Conclusion The inspection standard of WFP should be perfected and some weakness involved in this experiment requires further explanation and research. Objective Watermelon frost powder (WFP, Mirabilitum Praeparatum) is a Chinese patent drug commonly used for external application, consisting of dozens of Chinese materia medica. To determine the contents of the multi-components in WFP. Methods Quantitative analysis of 10 principal constituents and three principal volatile constituents had been taken in this experiment to investigate the quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Borneolum, and menthol in WFP by HPLC and GC. Results Comparing with raw materials, the contents of liquirtin and glycyrrhetinic acid were distinct, and the contents of rhein in WFP and raw Rhei Radix et Rhizoma weredifferent. The possible reasons might lie in the input status of raw materials in the processes of production or others. In GC test, isoborneol, the constituent in Borneolum syntheticum, had been detected out, and should not exist in nature Borneolum. Conclusion The inspection stand ard of WFP should be perfected and some weakness involved in this experiment need further explanation and research.