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沿空留巷符合绿色采矿的发展方向,已有研究对其应力分布与动态演化规律方面研究尚不够深入,导致留巷技术难以推广应用。运用FLAC3D数值模拟计算和现场实测相结合的方法,系统研究了薄直接顶、厚直接顶和无直接顶3种典型顶板条件下巷道掘进、采动留巷及稳定过程中围岩应力发展演化规律,分析了充填区域的顶板承载特性对围岩应力分布的影响。结果表明,巷道掘进阶段,无论是超前支承应力,还是迎头支承应力和滞后支承应力,都是厚直接顶最高,其次为薄直接顶,无直接顶最低。采动应力调整阶段,随直接顶厚度减小支承应力集中系数逐渐增大,同时,随直接顶厚度减小支承应力极值位置逐渐远离工作面。
Gob-side entry retaining is in line with the development direction of green mining. Research on its stress distribution and dynamic evolution has not been sufficiently advanced yet, which makes it difficult to popularize the technology of retaining lane. By using the combination of FLAC3D numerical simulation and field measurement, the law of stress and evolution of surrounding rock in roadway driving, roadway retaining and roadway under the conditions of thin direct top, thick direct top and no direct top is systematically studied. The influence of roof loading characteristics on stress distribution in surrounding rock is analyzed. The results show that the roadway excavation stage, whether it is ahead of the bearing stress, or head support stress and hysteresis bearing stress, are the highest thickness of the direct top, followed by the thin direct top, the lowest direct top. During the stress adjustment phase of mining, the stress concentration factor of support increases with the decrease of direct roof thickness. Meanwhile, the maximum stress of support stress decreases gradually away from the working face with the direct roof thickness.