HIV 阳性者容易感染致命的结核杆菌。感染HIV 的人和CD_4细胞数量不足者,在做结核菌素(PPD)皮肤试验时可能不发生免疫反应。因此,PPD试验只能作为一种普查试验,而不能作为最后诊断的依据。HIV 阳性且又感染MTB(结核杆菌)的病人在接受结核常规治疗时极易出现副反应。抗结核药和治疗HIV 阳性合并真菌感染的药物,可以相互作用。抗真菌药可降低异烟肼或利福平的吸收。吸收量不足也将导致机体抗药性。因此,这类病人需要较长时间的抗结核药物治疗。病人出现最多的与药物有关的问题是皮疹、肝脏酶升高和胃肠功能紊乱。护士需密切观察药物引起的任何不适。为防止结核菌的传播,护士要告诉每位已患肺结核或被怀疑感染肺结核的病人,当其咳嗽或打喷嚏时要遮住嘴和鼻子。其次,这样的病人要住单人病 HIV-positive people are susceptible to deadly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. HIV-infected individuals and those with an insufficient number of CD_4 cells may not develop an immune response during the skin test for tuberculin (PPD). Therefore, PPD test can only be used as a census test, but not as a basis for the final diagnosis. Patients who are HIV positive and who are infected with MTB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) are prone to side effects when receiving routine tuberculosis treatment. Antituberculosis drugs and drugs that treat HIV-positive fungal infections can interact. Antifungal agents reduce the absorption of isoniazid or rifampicin. Insufficient absorption will also lead to body resistance. Therefore, such patients require longer periods of anti-TB drug treatment. The most drug-related problems in patients are rashes, elevated liver enzymes and gastrointestinal disorders. Nurses should closely observe any discomfort caused by the drug. To prevent the spread of TB, nurses tell everyone who has TB or is suspected of contracting tuberculosis to cover their mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing. Second, such patients should live alone