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对活性自由基聚合的几种典型反应体系进行了分析,总结了活性种与休眠种的电子效应对平衡体系的影响,对活性自由基聚合反应进行和控制的本质原因进行了阐述。得到结论如下:活性种与休眠种互为依存,共存于平衡体系中,参与反应物质的电子效应对平衡体系稳定性至关重要。只有稳定的平衡体系、以及活性种与休眠种的快速可逆变化才是活性聚合的保障。认识到这些,有助于学生们加深对活性聚合本质的理解,并能够对知识灵活应用。
Several typical reaction systems of living radical polymerization were analyzed. The influence of the electronic effect of active species and dormancy species on the equilibrium system was summarized. The essential reasons of the active radical polymerization reaction control were also described. The conclusions are as follows: The active species and dormancy species are interdependent and co-exist in the equilibrium system. The electronic effect of participating in the reactive species is crucial to the stability of the equilibrium system. Only a stable equilibrium system, as well as fast and reversible changes of active and dormant species, is the guarantee of living polymerization. Recognizing this helps students to deepen their understanding of the nature of living polymerization and to apply it flexibly.