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任何眞正的科学理論是在科学实驗的基础上形成的,并且是分析和概括科学突驗所得到的結果。在开始时理論可能只是簡单的描述。随着实驗数据的不断积累,以及人們对客观現实的深入认識,理論会受到千百次的驗证,准确部分被保留,而虚构部分卽被淘汰。有机結构理論的发展亦是如此。有机結构理論起始于热拉尔(Gerhardt)、凱庫莱(Kekulé)的类型論。到1861年俄国著名有机化学家A.M.布特列洛夫(?)根据已有的理論及实驗結果正式提出第一个完整的有机結构論。其后,又經布氏学生馬尔柯甫尼哥夫(?)及其他有机化学家(如泽林斯基3eJIиHCKий、齐宁3eHиH等)加以发展,使該理論成为經典有机理論的基础。随着实驗事实的积累,这个理論已不能解釋某些新的現象和变化。这些新現象和新变化的发現給化学家及物理学家提出問題,需要重新考虑已有的理論。本世紀初,原子及分子結构的奥秘漸被揭露。蒲
Any positive scientific theory is based on scientific experiments and is the result of analyzing and summarizing scientific findings. The theory at first may simply be described. With the continuous accumulation of experimental data, as well as people’s in-depth understanding of objective reality, the theory will be verified thousands of times, the exact part is retained, while the fictitious part is eliminated. The same is true of organic structure theory. The theory of organic structure starts with the genre theory of Gerhardt, Kekulé. By 1861 the famous Russian organic chemist A.M. Boutrilov (?) Formally proposed the first complete organic structure theory based on the existing theory and experimental results. Later, it was developed by Boucher students Markovnikov (?) And other organic chemists (such as Zelinski 3eJIHHKKий, QI Ning 3eHHH, etc.), making this theory the basis of classical organic theory. With the accumulation of experimental facts, this theory can not explain some new phenomena and changes. The discovery of these new phenomena and new changes has raised questions for chemists and physicists and needs to reconsider existing theories. At the beginning of this century, the mystery of the structure of atoms and molecules was gradually exposed. Po