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以异质化公共服务领域的资源配置为背景,我们引入不同的假想式情境来考察受试者的集体选择的变化。从而,我们使用实证社会选择方法分析了传统上只能利用思想实验讨论的内容。我们发现:在贫富身份确定的“基准”情境下,无论是高禀赋者还是低禀赋者都倾向选择有利于自己的方案;在“无知之幕”和“中立观察者”的情境下,多数受试者会选择较为温和的再分配方案;受试者的选择会受到“效率”因素的影响,“应得”因素的效果则不明显;任一情境下观察到的实际选择都与理论预期不完全相符;某些个体特征因素会对受试者的选择产生影响。通过我们的实验可以得出的重要政策启示是:人们在做出选择时会努力平衡正义原则和效率标准,此为推动基本公共服务均等化的关键约束。
Taking the disposition of resources in the field of heterogeneous public services as a background, we introduce different hypothetical situations to examine the changes of the participants’ collective choices. Thus, we use empirical social choice methods to analyze what has traditionally been discussed using only thought experiments. We find that in the “benchmarks ” scenario in which the rich and the poor are identified, neither the highly talented nor the low-talented tend to choose the programs that favor them; the neutral observers “, The majority of subjects will choose a more moderate redistribution program; the choice of the subject will be affected by the” efficiency “factor, and the effect of the” deserved "factor will not be obvious; for any situation The actual choices observed were not completely in line with the theoretical expectation; some individual characteristics influenced the choice of subjects. An important policy enlightenment that we can draw from our experiments is that people make every effort to balance the principles of justice and efficiency when making choices as a key constraint in promoting equalization of basic public services.