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鲍为我国八大海珍之一,具有很高的经济和药用价值。我国鲍养殖起始于20世纪70年代,到80年代中期已形成规模化生产,在此后的10年间发展迅猛,沿海各地的养鲍业均形成了较大的生产规模。据统计,我国鲍产量已由80年代前的不足100t增加到1997年的3 000t,成为世界养鲍大国(张明,1999)。但是随着鲍养殖规模的扩大,集约化程度的提高及沿海水质的日趋恶化,近年来鲍病频繁发生,导致人工养殖鲍大批死亡,使养殖者遭受巨大的经济损失。据报道,1999年2-5月,福建东山县和广东汕头养殖的杂色鲍发生一种暴发性流行病,多个养殖场全军覆没,损失达数千万元(黄印尧1999,吕军仪1999)。鲍病已对养鲍业的发展构成严重威胁。
Bao is one of China’s eight major Haizhen, with high economic and medicinal value. China’s Bao farming started in the 1970s and large-scale production was formed in the mid-1980s. In the ensuing 10 years, the development of the abalone industry has been developing rapidly. As a result, a large scale of production has been formed in the coastal areas along the coast. According to statistics, the output of China’s bamboos has been increased from less than 100t before the 1980s to 3,000t in 1997, making it the largest country in the world to raise abalone (Zhang, 1999). However, with the expansion of abalone breeding scale, the intensification of intensification and the deteriorating coastal water quality, the frequent occurrence of abalone disease in recent years has resulted in the death of farmed abalone and the huge economic losses to farmers. According to reports, from January to May 1999, a blight epidemic occurred in the mottled Haliotis discus hannai farmed in Dongshan County, Fujian Province and Shantou, Guangdong Province. Several farms were annihilated with losses of tens of millions of yuan (Huang Yinyao 1999 and Lu Junyi 1999) . Abalone disease has posed a serious threat to the development of the breeding industry.