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瑞典的四大湖泊,维纳恩湖、韦特恩湖、梅拉伦湖和哈马伦湖,都属于构造成因,具有多种方向的断层裂缝,极大地影响着湖泊底部的地形特征与次级湖盆的形成。这四大湖泊都多次受到冰川活动的影响,其中最近一次冰川活动大约在10000年前开始从瑞典中部退缩。同时,这四大湖泊之间还存在着许多明显的差异,主要表现在湖泊的形状、大小以及流域面积和湖体大小之间的关系等方面。本文主要讨论这些湖泊中与水生生物有关的一些过程,包括水量平衡、滞水时间、水温、各大湖次级湖盆之间的水交换及其内部水流运动等。并以维纳恩湖为例,讨论了污染、水交换和养分保持之间的联系。
The four major lakes in Sweden, Lake Vänern, Lake Värten, Lake Mälaren and Lake Hämarlund are all structural faults that have multiple directions and greatly affect the topographical characteristics of the bottom of the lake. The formation of lake level. Many of these four lakes are affected by glacier activities, the last of which started its retreat from central Sweden about 10,000 years ago. At the same time, there are still many obvious differences between the four major lakes, mainly in the shape and size of lakes and the relationship between the size of the lake and the size of the lake. This paper discusses some of the processes associated with aquatic organisms in these lakes, including water balance, stagnant water, water temperature, water exchange among major lakes and their internal water movements. Taking Lake Vänern as an example, we discuss the links between pollution, water exchange and nutrient conservation.