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苏联的林业和森林工业改革集中在两个问题上。1.由预算拨款向经济核算转变。这个问题的讨论已逾50年,迄今没有一个企业真正实现了转变。本文讨论了其困难与原因。2.体制问题。1929年以来,苏联林业与森林工业分合已三四次。1985年3月苏共决定,林业、森工中央机构仍保持独立,但企业一律改变为永续性的、综合的,即把营林、采运、木材加工等集中在一个企业里。以往实践表明,第二个问题似乎容易解决,但第一个问题更具实质意义。
The reform of the forestry and forest industries in the Soviet Union has focused on two issues. 1. From budget allocation to economic accounting. There has been more than 50 years of discussion on this issue, and so far no single enterprise has really changed. This article discusses its difficulties and causes. 2. Institutional issues. Since 1929, the Soviet Union’s forestry and forestry industries have been split three or four times. In March 1985, the CPSU decided that the central agencies for forestry and forestry workers should remain independent, but the enterprises would all be changed into a sustainable and integrated one. That is, the forests, mining, timber processing and so on should be centralized in a single enterprise. Past practice shows that the second issue seems easy to solve, but the first one is more substantive.