一、马克思恩格斯关于“剥削”的基本观点什么是“剥削”?马克思主义经典作家认为,凭借生产资料所有权无偿占有劳动者的剩余劳动(或剩余产品、剩余价值)就是剥削。奴隶主直接剥削奴隶的剩余劳动,农奴主以劳役地租的形式剥削农民的剩余劳动或以实物地租的形式剥削农民的剩余产品,资本家则以货币和价值的形式剥削雇佣工人的剩余价值。马克思和恩格斯讲资本 I. The Basic View of Marx and Engels on “Exploitation” What is “exploitation”? Marxist classics consider exploitation of residual labor (or residual product, residual value) of the laborer by virtue of the ownership of the means of production. The slave-owners directly exploit the surplus labor of the slaves. The serf-owners exploit the surplus labor of the peasants in the form of labor rent, or exploit the surplus peasants' products in kind. The capitalists exploit the surplus value of the wage-workers in the form of money and value. Marx and Engels talk about capital