人们早已认识到泌尿道先天性或结构上的畸形以及泌尿系手术常与尿路感染有关。在50年代后期和60年代早期的探讨令人注意到在病人导尿后常发生菌尿。据调查,因膀胱膨胀或采集尿标本而进行一次性导尿的病人发生菌尿的约有2％;若用留置导尿管,则在48小时末菌尿的发生率可增加到近100％。 It has long been recognized that congenital or structural urinary tract deformities and urinary tract surgery are often associated with urinary tract infections. Discussions in the late 1950s and early 1960s noted the frequent occurrence of bacteriuria after catheterization in patients. According to the survey, due to bladder swelling or urine samples collected for one-time catheterization occurred in patients with bacteriuria about 2%; if indwelling catheter, at 48 hours the incidence of bacteremia can be increased to nearly 100% .