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肾盂肾炎是由细菌感染所引起的肾及肾盂的炎症,感染途径可有血源性、上行性、淋巴管及直接传染等四种。临床上尽管有急性、复发性或慢性的各种表现,但一般常有腰痛及尿意频数、排尿疼痛等膀胱刺激症状。病理上可能出现单侧或双侧的、局限或广泛的炎性病变,急性而肾损害轻微的容易恢复,但经常反复发作致成慢性且肾损害严重的,常引起肾机能不全而不易治愈。致病菌以大肠杆菌最为多见,约占50—80%,其他常见为葡萄球菌、链球菌、变形杆菌、绿脓杆菌等。
Pyelonephritis is caused by bacterial infection of the kidney and renal pelvis inflammation, infection may have blood-borne, ascending, lymphatic and direct infections and other four. Although clinically there are various manifestations of acute, recurrent or chronic, but often have low back pain and urinary frequency, urinary pain and other bladder irritation. Pathologically, there may be unilateral or bilateral, localized or extensive inflammatory lesions, acute and mild renal damage easily recovered, but often caused by repeated attacks of chronic and severe renal damage, often caused by renal insufficiency and difficult to cure. Escherichia coli is the most common pathogenic bacteria, accounting for about 50-80%, and other common bacteria are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.