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分词是学生感到比较难学的语法项目之一。但是,如果抓住了关键,问题就迎刃而解了。正确使用分词的关键实际上就是看分词与在句子中的逻辑主语的关系而定。逻辑主语若是分词这个动作的执行者(即主动关系)就要用现在分词;逻辑主语若是分词这个动作的承受者(即被动关系)就要用过去分词。逻辑主语随分词在句中充当的成分不同而异,一般规律是: 一、分词在句中做状语时,它的逻辑主语是句子的主语。如: Cooling water,we can change it into ice。(水冷却变成冰。)在该句中,分词cooling的逻辑主语是we,由于we是“冷却”这一动作的执行者(即主动关系),故应用现在分词。又如: Heated,water changes into steam.(水加热变成蒸汽)在该句中,分词heated的逻辑主语是water,由于water是“加热”这一动作的承受者(即被动关系),故应用过去分词。
Segmentation is one of the grammar items that students find difficult to learn. However, if the key is grasped, the problem will be solved. The key to using the word segmentation correctly is actually to look at the relationship between the word segmentation and the logical subject in the sentence. If the logical subject is the executor of the action of the word segmentation (ie, the active relationship), the present participle is used; if the logical subject is the recipient of the action of the participle (ie, the passive relationship), the past participle is used. The logical subject varies with the component of the segmentation in the sentence. The general rule is: First, when the word segmentation is an adverbial in a sentence, its logical subject is the subject of the sentence. Such as: Cooling water, we can change it into ice. (Water cooling becomes ice.) In this sentence, the logical subject of the word segmentation cooling is we. Since we are the performer of the “cooling” action (ie, the active relationship), we use the present participle. Another example: Heated, water changes into steam. In this sentence, the logical subject of the word segmentation heat is water, and since water is the bearer of the “heating” action (ie, the passive relationship), it is applied. Past participle.