The Conversion of Farmland to Forests Project (CFF) is one of the six great forest ecological Projects inChina and one of the ten great forest ecological Projects in the world, ranking the third in overall scale and the first ininvestment. CFF was officially initiated in 2002, covering 1897 counties (county-level cities and districts) in 25provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) of China. The whole investment is more than 40 billion US$ duringabout 20 years (from 1999 to 2017), aiming to form better ecology system in fragile ecology regions and effectivelycontrol the soil and water erosion of the Yangtze and the Yellow River and sandstorm of the Three-north Regions inChina. The experimental Project of CFF began in 1999, including Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu province, and the scopeof CFF was widened later. About 1.16 million ha of farmlands were converted to forestlands, and one million ha ofplantation in mountains and wasted lands were completed in 3 years, involving 20 provinces (autonomous regions andmunicipalities), 400 counties, 27 thousand villages, 5.7 thousand towns, 4.1 million farm families and 16 millionfarmers. The Conversion of Farmland to Forests Project (CFF) is one of the six great forest ecological Projects in the Chinese and one of the ten great forest ecological Projects in the world, ranking the third in overall scale and the first in investment. CFF was officially initiated in 2002 , covering 1897 counties (county-level cities and districts) in 25 provinces (autonomous regions or municipalities) of China. The whole investment is more than 40 billion US dollars duringabout 20 years (from 1999 to 2017) fragile ecology regions and effectivelycontrol the soil and water erosion of the Yangtze and the Yellow River and sandstorm of the Three-north Regions in China. The experimental Project of CFF began in 1999, including Sichuan, Shanxi and Gansu province, and the scope of CFF was widened later. About 1.16 million ha of farmlands were converted to forestlands, and one million ha of plantation in mountains and wasted lands were completed in 3 years, involving 20 province s autonomous regions andmunicipalities, 400 counties, 27 thousand villages, 5.7 thousand towns, 4.1 million farm families and 16 million farmers.