1990年在制造火车车厢时焊接大块金属板已被接受的方法是对缝焊。撇开技术上的进展不说，这一工艺易带来一些问题。在工件上可能会出现皱纹和收缩，这将导致高成本的修复工作。由于竞争日渐激烈，新的欧洲铁路工业规范以及使用新材料的愿望使这些问题得到解决。那时，德国布伦 The 1990 method of welding large metal plates in the manufacture of railroad cars has been accepted as a method of seam welding. Leaving aside the technical advances, the process is prone to some problems. Wrinkles and shrinkage may occur on workpieces, which will result in costly repairs. As a result of increasing competition, the new European railway industry norms and the desire to use new materials have solved these problems. At that time, Germany, Buren