结核病为儿童常见病之一,近年来儿童结核病患病率虽有大幅度降低,但临床上结核病被忽视而发生误诊、漏诊常有发生。为吸取经验教训,本文搜集了我院1970～1979期间,以非结核病或待查病收入住院而最后确诊为结核病的178例进行分析。178例中手术或/和病理证实诊断者18例(占10.1％);病原学诊断者2例;其余均为经临床观察或/和治疗后随访证实。178例中随访并经X线复查共75例(占42.1％)。178例中68例(占38.2％)是在入院后一周内明 Tuberculosis is one of the most common childhood diseases. Although the prevalence of tuberculosis in children has dropped drastically in recent years, TB is neglected and misdiagnosed in clinic. Misdiagnosis often occurs. In order to learn from the experience and lessons, this article collected 178 cases from our hospital from 1970 to 1979 who were admitted to hospital with non-TB or pending medical examination and finally diagnosed as TB. In 178 cases, 18 cases (10.1%) were diagnosed by operation and / or pathology, 2 cases were diagnosed by etiology, and the rest were confirmed by clinical observation or follow-up after treatment. 178 cases were followed up and reviewed by X-ray a total of 75 cases (42.1%). Of 178 cases, 68 (38.2%) were identified within a week after admission