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在消极自由而不是积极自由的范畴内,如何消解个人自由与国家干预的冲突,进而为控制国家干预措施提供理论支持,是现代法治的核心命题。个体性和社会性是个人存在的两种属性,个体性对应个人自由的存在状态,社会性对应社会连带的存在状态。在个人存在之目的下,个人自由与社会连带始终处于紧张关系之中,个人自由限制社会连带,社会连带限制个人自由。个人自由无需国家干预来保护和协调,国家干预的目的是为了实现个人存在目的之下的社会连带。个人自由是国家干预的反对力量,社会连带是国家干预的限制力量。来自个人自由的拷问和社会连带的限制,是衡量国家干预合法性的标准,国家干预的终极目标应该是使个人存在质量最大化。
In the field of negative freedom rather than positive freedom, how to eliminate the conflict between individual freedom and state intervention and then provide theoretical support for the control of state intervention is the core proposition of modern law. Individuality and sociality are two properties of individual existence, individuality corresponds to the existence of individual freedom, and sociality corresponds to social existence. Under the purpose of personal existence, individual freedom and social ties have always been in a tense relationship. Individual freedom limits social association and society limits the individual freedom. Personal freedom is protected and coordinated without state intervention, which is designed to achieve social cohesion for the purpose of personal existence. Personal freedom is the opposition force of state intervention, and social association is the limiting force of state intervention. From the torture of individuals and the restriction of social ties, it is a measure of the legitimacy of state intervention. The ultimate goal of state intervention should be to maximize the quality of individuals’ existence.