对学生进行辩证唯物主义教育,是生物教学的重要任务之一。如何在动物学教学中培养学生辩证唯物主义观点,我谈几点看法。 (一)普遍联系的观点辩证唯物主义认为,世界是一个普遍联系的统一整体。一切事物之间和事物内部诸要素之间是相互联系、相互作用和相互影响的。动物界也不例外。首先,动物与其生活环境之间是相互联系的。动物依赖它的生活环境而生存,动物的生命活动却又影响着它周围的环境。如草履虫、鱼类等的形态构造与水中生活相适应,蚯蚓的形态构造与土中穴居生活相适应,绦虫、蛔虫的形态构造与寄生生活相适应,鸟类的形态构造与空中飞翔生活相适应等等。这些适应现象说明了环境改造动物的一面,但也不能忽视动物改造环境的一面,即动物对环境的影响。如蚯蚓的活动能够改良土壤,寄生虫能危害寄主,天敌动物对害兽、害虫的影响等。再则从整个自 Dialectical materialist education for students is one of the important tasks of biology teaching. How to cultivate students’ dialectical materialism in zoology teaching? A. The Perspective of Universal Relations Dialectical materialism holds that the world is a unitary unity of universal connection. All things and things within the elements are interrelated, interacting and interacting. The animal world is no exception. First, the animals and their environment are interrelated. Animals rely on its living environment to survive, animal life activities but also affect the environment around it. Such as Paramecium, fish and other morphological structures and adapt to life in water, earthworm morphological structure and adapt to the cave life, tapeworm, roundworm morphological structure and parasitism adapt to the morphological structure of birds and fly in the air phase of life Adapt and so on. These adaptations illustrate the aspect of environmental modification of animals, but we can not ignore the aspect that animals transform the environment, that is, the impact of animals on the environment. Such as earthworm activity can improve the soil, parasites can harm the host, natural enemies of animal pests, pests and so on. Then from the whole self