尿崩症系指抗利尿激素(ADH)分泌与释放不足,引起烦渴、多饮、多尿及低比重尿为特征的一种临床综合征;而ADH分泌过多症(SIADH)则是由于ADH分泌增多,导致体内水分潴留,低血钠及尿钠增多的又一种临床综合征。尿崩症的病因及发病机理原发性病因不明,可因遗传而得,仅占少数,此型病人的下丘脑视上核及室旁核的神经细胞数量减少,尼斯尔(Nissl)颗粒耗尽,垂体后叶缩小。继发性原因多种多样,常为肿瘤、肉芽肿、炎症、颅脑外伤、脑血管病变、手术或全身性疾病如白血病、结核病及锂离子诱发引起。病变愈靠近下丘脑部位者,愈易致尿崩症,病情也较典型,而病变愈靠近脑垂体部位者,则发 Diabetes insipidus is a clinical syndrome characterized by insufficient secretion and release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), polyphenols, polydipsia, polyuria, and low specific gravity urine; and ADH hypersecretion (SIADH) is due to ADH secretion increased, leading to water retention in the body, hyponatremia and increased urinary sodium is another clinical syndrome. The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes insipidus The primary etiology is unclear and may be inherited, accounting for only a minority. The number of neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus in this patient is reduced. Nissl particle depletion To make, pituitary shrinks. A variety of secondary causes, often tumor, granuloma, inflammation, craniocerebral trauma, cerebrovascular disease, surgery or systemic diseases such as leukemia, tuberculosis and induced by lithium-ion. The lesion closer to the hypothalamic area, the more likely to cause diabetes insipidus, the disease is more typical, and lesions closer to the parts of the pituitary gland, the hair