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目的探讨福建省细菌性痢疾发病趋势和流行特征,为制订防控策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对福建省2010～2013年细菌性痢疾疫情资料进行分析。结果 2010～2013年福建省累计报告细菌性痢疾4 077例,年均发病率为2.73/10万,疫情呈散发状态。细菌性痢疾发病率2010～2013分别为4.10/10万、2.58/10万、2.26/10万、1.99/10万。2010～2013年年均发病率最高的是厦门市(6.87/10万),其次为龙岩市(5.93/10万),不同地区发病率的差异有无统计学意义(P<0.01);男性为3.16/10万,女性为2.28/10万(P<0.01);本病全年均可发生,呈季节性分布;各年龄组均可发病,0～5岁婴幼儿发病率最高,为18.07/10万;在不同职业中,发病顺位由高到低依次为散居儿童、农民、幼托儿童和学生。4个菌痢监测点监测总检出率为0.34%,仅发现福氏志贺菌(52.63%)和宋内志贺菌(47.37%);分离的志贺菌对环丙沙星高度敏感,对庆大霉素和头孢菌素类抗生素出现了不同程度的耐药。结论全省菌痢发病率维持在低发水平,但有些地区发病率仍较高。流行菌型不断变迁,志贺菌耐药日益严重,给菌痢的防治工作带来了一定难度。
Objective To explore the trend and epidemic characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Fujian Province and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of bacterial dysentery in Fujian from 2010 to 2013. Results A total of 4 077 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported in Fujian Province from 2010 to 2013, with an average annual incidence of 2.73 per 100 000. The epidemic situation was sporadic. The incidence of bacterial dysentery from 2010 to 2013 was 4.10 / 100,000, 2.58 / 100,000, 2.26 / 100,000, and 1.99 / 100,000 respectively. The annual average incidence rates from 2010 to 2013 were Xiamen (6.87 / lakh), followed by Longyan (5.93 / lakh), and there was no significant difference in incidence among different regions (P <0.01) 3.16 / 100000, 2.28 / 100000 women (P <0.01); The disease can occur throughout the year, showing a seasonal distribution; all age groups can be onset, the highest incidence of 0 to 5 years old infants and young children, 18.07 / 100,000; in different occupations, the order of incidence of descending order of scattered children, farmers, child care and child care students. The total detection rate of 4 bacillary dysentery monitoring sites was 0.34%, only Shigella flexneri (52.63%) and Shigella sonneri (47.37%) were found. Isolated Shigella was highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin and cephalosporins antibiotics have varying degrees of resistance. Conclusions The incidence of bacillary dysentery in the province remains at a low level, but the incidence in some areas is still high. The ever-changing epidemic bacteria, Shigella resistance is increasingly serious, to control the bacillary dysentery brought some difficulty.