发达国家哮喘发病率增高可能与结核杆菌感染减少相关。哮喘发病与Th1 /Th2细胞及其细胞因子失衡有关 ,Th2细胞反应可诱发哮喘 ,而Th1细胞反应则相反。结核杆菌是一种强的Th1细胞反应诱导剂 ,并抑制Th2细胞因子的产生 ,减少IgE合成和嗜酸粒细胞浸润。结核杆菌疫苗有可能成为防治哮喘的一种新方法 The increased incidence of asthma in developed countries may be related to the reduction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The pathogenesis of asthma is related to the imbalance of Th1 / Th2 cells and their cytokines. Th2 responses may induce asthma, whereas Th1 responses may be reversed. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a strong Th1 cell response inducer and inhibits the production of Th2 cytokines, reducing IgE synthesis and eosinophil infiltration. Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine may become a new way to prevent and treat asthma