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目的调查2015年长沙地区各级医疗机构职业暴露管理情况、医务人员职业暴露发生率和原因。方法 2016年6-10月采用分层抽样调查,其中二级、三级医院采用普查、一级医院采用典型抽样,对长沙地区不同级别共150家医疗机构2015年职业暴露管理、职业暴露人次、职业暴露因素进行问卷调查。结果大部分医院均设置职业暴露职能部门,主要由院感科承担,但也有13.63%一级医院未设置。三级、二级、一级医院职业暴露发生率分别为1.97%、2.91%、4.48%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=69.53,P=0.00),在三类医疗机构职业暴露人群中护理人员所占比例均为最高,分别为75.13%、56.36%、64.18%。三级医疗机构职业暴露管理优于二级、一级医疗机构,引起职业暴露的首位器械为输液器。结论医疗机构应进一步加强职业暴露管理,落实相关制度,通过培训、规范操作、职业防护等措施降低职业暴露发生。
Objective To investigate occupational exposure management in medical institutions at all levels in Changsha in 2015 and the incidence and causes of occupational exposure of medical staff. Methods From June to October in 2016, the stratified sampling survey was conducted. Among them, the second and third hospitals adopted the census and the first-class hospitals adopted the typical samples. Occupational exposure management, occupational exposure, Occupational exposure factors were investigated. Results Most of the hospitals had occupational exposure departments, which were mainly undertaken by Narcotics Division. However, 13.63% of the first-class hospitals were not set up. Occupational exposure rates in tertiary, secondary and tertiary hospitals were 1.97%, 2.91% and 4.48%, respectively, with significant differences (χ ~ 2 = 69.53, P = 0.00) The proportion of nursing staff are the highest, respectively 75.13%, 56.36%, 64.18%. Occupational exposure management in tertiary medical institutions is superior to that of secondary and tertiary medical institutions. The first instrument that caused occupational exposure was infusion. Conclusion Medical institutions should further strengthen occupational exposure management and implement related systems, and reduce occupational exposure through measures such as training, standardized operation and occupational protection.