桥梁承载构件适用的空心板,在苏联乌克兰的桥梁建筑中得到了广泛应用。利用混凝土的部分预应力原理是减少结构用钢量的方法之一。无论是在苏联,还是在其它各国得到承认的部分预应力原理是:降低对抗裂性的要求,在活载作用下容许形成0.1～0.15mm宽,而在活载消除后又能闭合的横向裂纹, Hollow slabs used for bearing members of bridges are widely used in bridge construction in the Soviet Union and Ukraine. The principle of using partial prestressing concrete is one of the methods to reduce the amount of structural steel. The principle of partial prestress recognized both in the Soviet Union and in other countries is to reduce the requirement of crack resistance, to allow the formation of a transverse crack of 0.1 to 0.15 mm wide under live load and to close again after the live load has been eliminated ,