肺部感染存临床上甚为常见,它可作为一种单独的疾病出现,也可作为某些严重疾病的并发症。如果得不到合理治疗,死亡率较高。肺部感染的范围很广,本文以肺炎为主要对象,对其抗生素治疗加以讨论。肺部感染的病原学诊断在病史、体格检查以及胸部X线检查的基础上,病原学检查有助于确诊。病原学检查方法包括:①痰涂片染色找细菌,包括革兰染色和抗酸染色。病人一入院,应立即进行此项检查,注意观察细菌的数量。如果某种细菌占优势则以该菌感染的可能性最大。②痰培养及药物敏感试验。痰液采集后应尽快送检,以在10分钟内接种培养为宜。厌氧菌培养如能床边接 Pulmonary infections are clinically common and appear to occur as a single disease and as a complication of certain serious illnesses. Without proper treatment, the mortality rate is higher. A wide range of pulmonary infections, this article is the main object of pneumonia, antibiotic treatment to be discussed. Etiological diagnosis of pulmonary infection In the history, physical examination and chest X-ray examination based on the etiological examination helps to confirm. Etiological examination methods include: ① smear smear bacteria, including Gram stain and acid-fast staining. As soon as the patient has been admitted to the hospital, the examination should be conducted immediately and the number of bacteria observed. If a bacteria predominates it is most likely to infect the bacteria. ② sputum culture and drug sensitivity test. Sputum collection should be submitted as soon as possible after seizure to vaccination in 10 minutes is appropriate. Anaerobic bacteria such as bedside access