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抗利尿激素(ADH)由下丘脑视神经上核及脑室旁核分泌,并贮藏于神经脑垂体。ADH的分泌对血浆渗透压的改变非常敏感。细胞外液量减少、血浆渗透压上升时,ADH分泌增多,并作用于肾远曲小管及集合管,提高肾小管细胞膜的通透性,加强水份再吸收;反之,则ADH分泌低下,导致水利尿。一般而论,ADH对细胞外液的调节,是通过渗透压的改变和血容量下降这二种刺激因素来进行的;在生理条件下以前者为主,在病理条件下以后者为主。在某些肾脏病和大多数肾上腺皮质机能减低的患者,常可出现肾大量排钠而引起低钠血症。但在1957年Schwartz与Bartter等首先
Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by the hypothalamic optic nerve nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and stored in the neurohypophysis. The secretion of ADH is very sensitive to changes in plasma osmotic pressure. Extracellular fluid volume decreased, increased plasma osmolality, increased ADH secretion, and the role of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting tube to improve tubular cell membrane permeability and enhance water reabsorption; conversely, ADH secretion is low, resulting in Water urination. In general, ADH regulation of extracellular fluid, through the change of osmotic pressure and decreased blood volume of these two stimuli to carry out; under the physiological conditions of the former mainly in the pathological conditions of the latter. In some patients with kidney disease and most patients with decreased adrenocortical function, kidney can often appear large amounts of sodium and cause hyponatremia. But in 1957 Schwartz and Bartter first etc