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目的:通过在延安大学附属医院开展孕妇学校进行针对性健康教育,使孕妇掌握相应的优生优育知识,减少孕产期并发症,提高孕产妇及新生儿的健康水平。方法:将2003年1～6月在延安大学附属医院门诊就诊的孕15～20周的坚持接受培训且在该院分娩的280例孕妇作为A组,将同期在该院住院分娩的310例不愿接受培训的孕妇作为B组。A组孕妇通过孕妇学校、产前门诊进行孕期宣教和行为干预,应用自制乳房模型讲述乳房护理及母乳喂养方法,应用树-母儿生长关系,形象比喻孕期饮食、胎盘、脐带与胎儿的生长关系。追踪两组孕妇妊娠期合并症及并发症、分娩方式、新生儿出生情况及产褥病率。结果:接受过健康教育的孕妇出现子痫前期的为3.21%,妊娠期贫血的为5.36%,产褥期病率为1.78%,未接受过健康教育的孕妇子痫前期为8.06%,妊娠期贫血为14.19%,产褥期病率为5.48%,异常胎儿较多,A、B两组以上各项均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:通过对孕妇学校坚持参加健康教育的280例孕妇的孕产期并发症及新生儿出生情况调查评估发现,广泛开展健康教育是一项刻不容缓的重要工作,通过健康教育可以明显降低孕期合并症,降低孕产妇死亡率和新生儿患病率,从而提高妇女儿童的健康水平。
OBJECTIVE: By carrying out targeted health education at pregnant women’s school in Yan’an University Affiliated Hospital, pregnant women can acquire the knowledge of prenatal and postnatal care, reduce the complications during pregnancy and childbirth, and improve the health of pregnant women and newborns. Methods: One hundred and eighty pregnant women, who were trained and delivered in the hospital during the first 15 to 20 weeks of their stay in the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University from January to June in 2003, were enrolled as group A. 310 cases of hospitalized delivery in the same period Pregnant women who are willing to be trained are Group B. A group of pregnant women through prenatal school, prenatal clinic during pregnancy mission and behavioral interventions, the use of self-made breast model about breast care and breastfeeding methods, the application of tree - growth relationship between mother and child, the image metaphor during pregnancy diet, placenta, umbilical cord growth and fetal relationship . Tracing the complications and complications during pregnancy, the mode of delivery, the birth of newborns and the rate of puerperal obstruction in two groups of pregnant women. Results: Pregnant women who received health education showed preeclampsia of 3.21%, pregnancy anemia of 5.36%, postpartum disease rate of 1.78%, pregnant women who did not receive health education preeclampsia was 8.06%, pregnancy anemia 14.19%, the incidence of puerperium was 5.48%, there were more abnormal fetuses. There was a significant difference between A and B groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: Through the survey of maternal complications and newborns’ births in 280 pregnant women who participated in health education at pregnant women’s schools, it is found that carrying out health education extensively is an urgent and important task. Health education can significantly reduce pregnancy complications , Reduce maternal mortality and the prevalence of newborns, thereby enhancing the health of women and children.