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采用地理信息系统及地统计学方法,分析了典型油菜地土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾和有效硼等养分的空间变异规律,并绘制养分空间分布图,为油菜地精细管理与有效施肥提供理论依据。结果表明:5种养分的变异系数均在16.88%~65.42%之间,属于中等程度的变异。全氮和速效钾的块金系数小于0.25,具有强烈的空间相关性;pH值和其他3种养分则具有中等程度的空间相关性。经过半方差函数分析,采用高斯模型、指数模型、球状模型和线性模型对养分参数进行拟合,并利用GS+与ArcGIS绘制养分分布图,结果表明,研究区土壤理化性状存在明显的空间差异,总体表现在西南区域的有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效硼等各个养分的含量都较高,具备很好的油菜种植生产条件,东北部区域养分含量普遍较低,其主要影响因素为结构性和人为随机性因素。
Using GIS and geostatistics methods, the spatial variability of nutrients such as pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available boron in typical rape fields was analyzed and the nutrient spatial distribution map was drawn. Management and effective fertilization provide a theoretical basis. The results showed that the coefficients of variation of five nutrients ranged from 16.88% to 65.42%, which belonged to a moderate degree of variation. The nuggets of total nitrogen and available potassium were less than 0.25, which had a strong spatial correlation. The pH value and other three nutrients had a moderate degree of spatial correlation. After semi-variance function analysis, using the Gaussian model, exponential model, spherical model and linear model to fit the nutrient parameters, and using GS + and ArcGIS to draw the nutrient distribution map, the results showed that there were obvious spatial differences in soil physical and chemical properties in the study area, The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available boron in the southwestern region were high, with good rapeseed production conditions. The nutrient content in the northeastern region was generally low, and the main influencing factors were Structural and human random factors.