本文运用三个平面的语法理论，考察现代汉语句法结构中语义成分的从缺现象。分为移位从缺、合并从缺、零位从缺。句法结构与语义结构对应的复杂性是造成语义成分从缺的原因。从缺的语义成分大都可以在句中找回，与句法结构中某一有形形式同指标。 This paper uses three plane grammar theories to examine the lack of semantic components in modern Chinese syntactic structure. Divided into the shift from the lack of merger from lack of zero from the lack of. The complexity of the syntactic structure and the semantic structure is the reason for the lack of semantic components. Most of the missing semantic components can be retrieved in the sentence, and the syntactic structure with a tangible form of indicators.