20世纪西方科学哲学的主流大致可以划分为两个不同时期:60年代前以实证主义为代表,60年代后以证伪主义为指归。前者主要原则可归纳为经验证实,比较确信人的观察与实验的可靠性。后者认为人类认识的过程遵循着:问题→假设(猜想)→证伪→新问题……这样一种动态模式,不断排除假设中的错 The mainstream of the 20th century Western philosophy of science can be roughly divided into two different periods: before the 1960s, it was represented by positivism, and after the 1960s, it was characterized by falsificationism. The former main principles can be summarized as confirmed experiments, which are more reliable in the observation and experimentation of people. The latter believes that the process of human understanding follows: questions → assumptions (guesses) → falsifications → new problems... such a dynamic model that constantly excludes the mistakes in the assumptions