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本文检视公元前2世纪末以来汉王朝在东南沿海的岭南地区及西南地区的云南省的扩张情况。在两个地区,汉王朝都面临许多困难,包括土著叛乱,由于文化面貌的高度分裂而难于治理,以及严酷的地理形势和气候。根据文献记载和考古资料,本文提出在较早的时候,岭南地区并入汉王朝所面临的困难要比云南地区更少一些。例如,尽管赵佗经常抗拒汉王朝的推进,但广州发现的南越国宫署和王室墓葬体现了明显的对于汉文化的偏好,且汉代岭南地区葬俗与汉文化葬俗的结合更早,并渐次紧密。与之形成对照的是,云南西汉时期的滇文化墓葬继续随葬滇式器物,与汉式器物并存,即使进入东汉,随葬器物属于典型的汉式组合,在墓葬建造技术上依然顽强地显示出地方性差异。与考古材料勾勒的状况相一致的是,文献记载表明,云南在整个两汉时期的武装反抗持续不断。通过对两个地区文献和考古材料反映出来的差异,本文提请注意那种笼统地认为王朝的扩张在不同地区方式都一样意见的正确性。最后,本文指出,两地并入汉帝国的进度不一,可能是由于云南土著居民在经济上并入汉王朝体系的节奏较慢造成的,这可以从土著居民墓葬中随葬的汉式器物相对较少这一情况得到证实。
This article examines the expansion of the Han dynasty in the Lingnan region along the southeast coast and Yunnan Province in the southwestern region since the late 2nd century BC. In both areas, the Han dynasty faced many difficulties, including indigenous rebellions, difficult governance due to the highly fragmented cultural landscape, and harsh geography and climate. According to historical records and archaeological data, this paper proposes that the difficulties faced by the integration of the Han dynasty into the Han dynasty were somewhat earlier than in the Yunnan region. For example, although Zhao often opposed the advance of the Han dynasty, the discovery of the Nanyue Imperial Palace and the royal tombs in Guangzhou revealed a clear preference for the Han culture and earlier the integration of funeral customs and Han cultural burials in the Lingnan area in the Han dynasty Gradually close. In contrast, the Yunnan cultural tombs during the Western Han Dynasty continued to funeral Yunnan-style artifacts and coexist with Chinese artifacts. Even into the Eastern Han Dynasty, the burial artifacts were typical Chinese-style combinations and remained stubbornly revealed in tombs Sex differences. Consistent with the state of archeology, the literature shows that the armed resistance in Yunnan continued throughout the Han dynasty. Through the differences reflected in the two regional documents and archeological materials, this article draws attention to the correctness of the general view that the expansion of the dynasty in different regions and ways are the same. Finally, the article points out that the progress of the integration of the two places into the Han Empire may be due to the relatively slow pace of the economic integration of Yunnan’s indigenous inhabitants into the Han dynasty, as opposed to that of the Chinese-style utensils buried in the tombs of indigenous peoples Fewer cases have been confirmed.