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当前,我国处于二次改革历史性选择的关键时期。二次改革有别于一次改革,关键在于这次改革是以人为本的改革。借鉴西方主要发达国家从工业化中后期向后工业社会时代三次经济转型的经验,我国可以考虑以扩大中等收入群体规模为基本目标对二次改革进行设计。一是推进以创造中等收入就业岗位为重点的市场化改革;二是以培育中等收入能力为重点构建积极的国家福利制度;三是以放权与増责为重点双向推进政府转型。在二次改革中,可以考虑将国家福利制度建设的重点放在城乡基本公共服务均等化上,尤其是大幅度增加公共支出,使城乡居民都能够享受到大致相同的社会福利。
At present, our country is in a crucial period of the historic choice of the second reform. The second reform is different from a reform, the key is that this reform is a people-oriented reform. Drawing on the experiences of the three major economies in the major western developed countries from the mid-late industrialization to the post-industrial social era, China can consider designing the secondary reform with the objective of expanding the scale of middle-income groups as the basic objective. The first is to promote market-based reforms that focus on creating middle-income jobs; the second is to build a positive state welfare system focusing on cultivating middle-income capacity; and the other is to shift the government’s transformation in a bidirectional manner with the emphasis on decentralization and accountability. In the secondary reform, we can consider focusing the construction of the state welfare system on the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, and in particular, substantially increase public expenditure so that urban and rural residents can enjoy roughly the same social benefits.