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生态补偿是协调经济与资源环境和谐发展,化解生态环境与经济增长矛盾的有效手段,对推进生态文明建设意义深远。基于云南省5个州市农户调查数据,运用二元Probit模型,分析了云南森林生态功能区农户生态补偿支付意愿的关键影响因素及其差异性。研究表明:大部分农户愿意为生态补偿付费,影响其支付意愿的主要因素是性别、年龄、是否兼业、家庭人口数、非农收入比重、生态补偿重要性认知、森林经济效益是否比生态效益重要、生态环境满意度、政府是否对生态环境保护宣传、政策执行信任度以及信息获取难易程度;其中年龄、家庭农业劳动力人数和信息获取难易程度对专业户支付意愿有重要影响,而家庭人口数、非农收入比重以及获得政府补偿的情况对兼业户支付意愿有重要影响;是否兼业、非农收入比重、对生态补偿了解程度以及信息获取难易程度对传统散户支付意愿影响较大;对政策执行的信任程度和产业发展程度对种植大户支付意愿有重要影响。基于此,提出了完善政府农村就业服务职能,鼓励农户非农就业、创业;完善生态功能区环境教育体系和宣传制度建设,强化农户环保意识;强化政府职责及其政策推广、执行力度,构建综合、完善的生态补偿宣传媒介;制定并实施差异化的生态补偿措施等具体对策建议。
Ecological compensation is an effective measure to coordinate the harmonious development of economy and resources and environment and to resolve the contradiction between ecological environment and economic growth. It is of far-reaching significance for promoting the construction of ecological civilization. Based on the survey data of farmers in five prefectures and cities in Yunnan Province, the dual Probit model was used to analyze the key influencing factors and their differences of farmers’ willingness to pay for ecological compensation in Yunnan forest ecological function area. The results show that most of the rural households are willing to pay for ecological compensation, and the main factors affecting their willingness to pay are gender, age, whether they are part-time, family size, proportion of non-agricultural income, recognition of the importance of ecological compensation, The effectiveness of the environment, the satisfaction of the ecological environment, whether the government propagandizes the ecological environment, the confidence in the implementation of policies, and the ease of access to information. Among them, the age, family agricultural labor force and ease of access to information have a significant impact on the willingness to pay for specialized households, The proportion of population, the proportion of non-farm income and government compensation have a significant impact on the willingness to pay for part-time businesses. Whether the proportion of part-time and non-farm income, the degree of understanding about ecological compensation and the ease of access to information has a greater impact on the willingness of traditional retail investors The level of trust in the implementation of policies and the degree of industrial development have a major impact on the willingness of large-scale farmers to pay. Based on this, it is proposed to improve the employment service function of the government in rural areas, encourage farmers to non-farm employment and start a business, improve the environmental education system and propaganda system in ecological function areas, and strengthen the awareness of farmers on environmental protection; strengthen the government’s responsibility, promotion and implementation of policies, , Perfect ecological compensation media, formulate and implement differentiated measures such as ecological compensation measures.