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一、前言随着低温科学实验和低温工程技术的日益发展,测定低温温度已日趋普遍且提出了更高的要求。目前可用作低温测量的元件有多种,常用的有低温半导体二极管、电阻元件(锗、铂、铑铁等)和热电偶等。其中,低温热电偶具有结构简单、制造容易、使用方便、测温部热容量很小、对温度反应速度快、且能保证一定精度要求等优点。目前国内外在0.5—300° K这一温域仅有金铁系列热电偶能胜任测温工作。其它常规热电偶即使在高温下灵敏度(S)较高,但是随着使用温度的降低其S值剧烈下降,以致在低温域
I. Introduction With the development of low-temperature scientific experiments and low-temperature engineering and technology, the determination of low-temperature has become more commonplace and put forward higher requirements. Currently available for low temperature measurement of a variety of components, commonly used in low-temperature semiconductor diodes, resistance elements (germanium, platinum, rhodium iron, etc.) and thermocouples. Among them, the low temperature thermocouple has the advantages of simple structure, easy manufacture, convenient use, small thermal capacity of the temperature measuring part, fast response to the temperature, and certain accuracy requirements. At home and abroad at the temperature of 0.5-300 ° K only the series of gold and iron thermocouple competent temperature measurement. Other conventional thermocouples have a high S (S) value even at high temperature, but their S value decreases sharply with decreasing use temperature, so that in the low temperature range