Background The tibial plateau is asymmetric with a larger medial plateau.We observed from clinical practice that the shape of the tibial plateau does not always present a larger medial plateau.Tibial plateau also showed other shapes.The purpose of this study was to analyze the anthropometric data of the proximal tibia in a large group of Chinese patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and to investigate the morphology of the resected proximal tibial surface and its gender differences.Methods A total of 822 knees (164 males,658 females) from the Chinese population were measured intraoperatively for medial anteroposterior (MAP) and lateral anteroposterior (LAP) dimensions of the resected proximal tibial surface.The difference of MAP and LAP (DML) was also calculated as MAP minus LAP.We then classified the data into three groups based on the DML (＜-2,-2 to 2,and ＞2 mm) to analyze the morphology of the proximal tibia and its distribution between male and female.Results The shape of proximal tibial plateau was of three types:larger medial plateau type,symmetric type,and larger lateral plateau type.There were significant differences between males and females in relation to the shape distribution of the proximal tibial plateau (P ＜0.05).Most of the proximal tibial plateau was asymmetric,with 517 of 822 (62.9％) tibia having a DML ＞2 mm and 120 of 822 (14.6％) tibia having a DML＜-2 mm.Only 185 of 822 (22.5％) tibia had a DML between-2 and 2 mm.Conclusion The results of this study can be used as a guideline to design tibial components with different DMLs to better match the different anthropometry of the resected tibial surface.